Risultati per " Territorio"

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Climate and coasts: transdisciplinary research practices for adaptation to climate change in italian coastal territories. – The contribution presents the first results of the Research Project of National Interest PNRR 2022 on the contrast to the effects of climate change on Italian coastal geosystems, entitled “From the Beaches to the Coasts: towards an Integrated Coast Protection”. The PRIN involves a group of researchers from different SSD (lawyers, geographers, urban economists and statisticians) and Italian universities (Bocconi, Cassino, Iuav, Roma Tre, Urbino). The first results that will be illustrated in the article concern the design of collaborative research practices and transdisciplinary open science in the field of integrated coastal zone management and the Atlas of sustainability and integrated coastal management in Italy.
The case study of Bitti (Sardinia): Risk perception and local best practices. – In alignment with Goal 13 of the UN 2030 Agenda, strengthening risk awareness within local communities can provide a framework for effective citizenship in managing extreme weather and climate events. In Sardinia, the community of Bitti (an inland area in the province of Nuoro, northeastern Sardinia) experienced a devastating flood in 2020. In response, local institutions and the community demonstrated resilience and implemented sound institutional practices. Following a field survey initiated through meetings with local authorities, this work presents the results of research aimed at understanding the risk perception among the municipality’s population. This insight aims to support the future implementation of participatory processes and citizen science tools designed to foster the development of communities resilient to meteorological disasters.
Mountain Tourism and Climate Change: What Are the Future Prospects? – In the collective imagination, when one speaks of a mountain tourist destination, the reference is typically to iconic places, especially associated with the winter season and the so-called “settimana bianca” (winter holiday week). Places like Courmayeur or Cortina d’Ampezzo have represented, and have been portrayed in films as well, a constant presence in the world of mountain tourism. The first major setback occurred with the Covid-19 pandemic in recent years, which changed the concept of travel and mobility as we had known it. In particular, the halt to national and international connections caused not only economic damage across the entire tourism sector but, more importantly, created a widespread fear of being together in crowded and enclosed spaces. This led people to rethink and reprogram their lives and their mobility habits, triggering - once it became possible to leave their places of residence - a timid yet urgent desire to be outdoors, to walk in the woods, visit beaches, and explore city centers where they could satisfy the longing that had built up over nearly two years of complete travel lockdown. This shift resulted in an exponential increase in visits to nearby locations at the provincial and regional levels, leading to a renewed appreciation for neighboring areas, as well as small villages and mountain towns. These places, in turn, had to adapt to welcome an increasing number of unexpected and unanticipated tourists. Adding to this scenario is climate change, which is severely challenging the operators of mountain facilities and accommodations. The seasons no longer follow their natural rhythm, and instead, we are witnessing increasingly unpredictable and violent weather events. This article will explore how certain mountain locations are confronting these emergencies and what changes they are likely to undergo in terms of tourism in the near future.
Rethinking the places of life and work: the inner areas facing the challenges of syndemics. – After a ten years long debate on the SNAI and the goal of demographic in-version to be pursued with a «reversal of the gaze», or «bringing the margins to the center», we can talk about the controversial process generated by this objective, still ongoing: centering the strategy on a spatial practice (living) has led to a concentration of scientific and policy responsibilities on territorial planning which, while certainly crucial, works if the project is equipped in advance with a strong analysis of the places. This is the basis of the thought on inner areas that must be strengthened so that these places can be freed from intellectual subalternity. In fact, the theory and practice of planning also need to recover a good description of the territory, that ability to interpret the complexity of the relationships between natural space and human action, which is the work of the geographer. The paper aims to reflect on the need to re-think the descriptive investigation as a prerequisite for good planning, due to the urgencies issued by climate change and the pandemic shock, phenomena which, closely connected to each other, have shown how unpredictable and diversified they can be territorial responses to external stresses. The complementarity between description and planning, i.e. the alliance between geographers and architects, will be adopted as a guiding category to be able to read the depopulation of internal areas not as a merely housing issue but, rather, in a holistic vision, as the effect of the limits of a production system based on unsustainable territorial hierarchies.
Il numero monografico, che qui presentiamo, traccia seppur in modo campionario, un profilo di cosa i geografi italiani pensano a tal proposito e di come procedono oggi, nell’analisi critica e nella progettazione del territorio, facendo emergere un’identità tutt’altro che incerta verso le prospettive transdisciplinari.
Beyond the Anthropocene: Industry 5.0 for Territorial Co-Design. – The present proposal, which has its basis on the concept of territorial co-design in connection with the possibilities of the Industry 5.0, aims to understand how this revolution can help geography with new instruments in order to ac-tively take part in the debate about ecology; and re-think the ways we live the territory and in the territory. The context is that of the global challenges that grip us, as climate change and geopolitical transformations. The proposal examines some works of global leaders, such as AVEVA Industrial Software, and of some important authors, like Kate Raworth with her concept of Doughnut Economics. The focus will be on the re-organization of territory in a way that can be sustainable, resilient and human-centric – as the three principles of Industry 5.0 are framed as.
Integral Land Reclamation and Climate Transition: A Mesological Perspective on the ‘Macchina della Terra’. – This contribution examines integral reclamation in the Gulf of Oristano, Sardinia, employing Berque's concepts of ecumene and mesology alongside geographical insights. Lucio Gambi’s metaphor of reclamation as a “macchina della terra” serves as a foundational idea, while Federica Cavallo highlights modern territorial constructs that emerge from contrasts such as water vs. earth and modern vs. wild. On the centenary of the Santa Chiara dam’s inauguration, which transformed Oristano’s coastal wetlands, the region now faces the challenges of climate change. The interplay between land and local communities reveals both contradictions and potential alliances in ecological resilience, particularly in discussions surrounding Nitrate Vulnerable Zones. A century of human-environment interactions has reshaped these areas into vital agro-food production hubs, underscoring the need for a mesological perspective on this evolution.
The memory of water. Hydrosocial fragility and urbanisation in Cagliari. – In Italy, the modern abstraction of human beings from the environment has led to a strict technicist management of natural resources and to a clear separation between urban and social policies, not entirely overcome by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR). In particular, urban strategies struggle to reason about the role of water in the territorial system, relegating it to technical risk management interventions. From the debate around the mesological approach, various declinations of the relationship between human presence and water outline an often-chaotic palimpsest of plans and visions of urban space.
The contribution addresses the case study of the Cagliari municipality of Pirri, in the relationship between the historical condition of hydrogeological and social fragility and the new urban strategies to contrast risk. This systemisation is possible by adopting a reading of Pirri as a hydro-social territory, which allows us to critically reconstruct the history of the hydro-social fragility of this territory and consequently to re-read past and future planning policies.
Climate Change: More Than Just Geography. – The ongoing climate change and its potentially severe consequences concern us as thinking human beings, regardless of whether we are historians, geographers, geologists, urban planners, economists, sociologists, or psychologists. The common endpoint of our reflections – and of the suggestions we offer regarding actions to be taken or avoided – engages us as citizens of the shared good that is the Earth, whose survival we value not only for ourselves today but, above all, for future generations, many of us being parents and grandparents. Naturally, it is both inevitable and important that each of us contributes based on our own disciplinary knowledge – be it historical, geographical, geological, or otherwise. However, in my view, the focus of our reflection should not be on the role each of these sciences can play, but rather on the responsibility that each of us must assume as citizens of the Earth.
The contract of life: transdisciplinarity and territorial governance in times of polycrisis. – The article, which deals with the problematic nature of territorial planning in times of polycrisis, reflects on some of the questions that the current issue of the journal puts to the attention of researchers, namely: what theoretical apparatus does geography have at its disposal to deal with problems that need to be tackled in an interdisciplinary manner? Can the current debate on climate change lead to a geographical attitude towards transdisciplinarity? Is a transdisciplinary vision aimed at the integration of knowledge capable of co-design as a mental attitude before a research programme? How can geography contribute to the operationalisation of such a scenario? In short, by using geographical analytical skills, one wonders if it is possible to envisage a method of governance that brings out a design suggested by the peculiarities of places and by the knowledge/experience of the inhabitants, who are no longer seen exclusively as recipients of interventions, but as designers and evaluators of the intervention itself.
Climate change as an opportunity for a new “habitability” of the mountains: the Orobic massif system. – Rising temperatures in many cities are altering their habitability, leading to the return of urban populations to the countryside and generating new opportunities for mountain areas. To trigger a new habitability of these areas, it is necessary to have a more correct geo-historical and territorial reading of them. Geo-historical and territorial interpretation based on the systemic culture of massive and the reticularity between different valleys. The Orobic Massif is an exemplary case of such dynamics and leads to the development of a change of perspective, bringing to light the material and intangible heritage still widely diffused and contrasting its valley disarticulation. To guarantee the habitability of the mountain it is also necessary to activate co-designing actions that transform the inhabit-ants into stakeholders in the role of planners and evaluators. The contri-bution presents the first results emerging from the research conducted by the authors within the framework of the PRIN 2022: “Governance for mountain reticularity: co-design and activation of a “contratto d’abitare” for the territorial regeneration of the Seriana Valley”.
Rethinking the urban role of nature in climate change. The project for an urban green wall. – The paper discusses the Green Urban Oases project that aims to reconverse more than 500,000ha of land into new urban forests and restor about 300,000ha of forests in the Sahel and Central Asia. The project is part of a broader reflection that sees cities at the centre of the debate on climate change and aims to rethink the relationship between society and nature. Since, on the one hand, nature is increasingly becoming a protagonist in the process of urban adaptation, on the other hand it seems continuing to be conceptualised only in terms of human needs.
The aim of this contribution, part of a broader work, is to reflect on the role that nature-based solutions, implemented in particular through the above-mentioned project, have in cities and if they represent ways for the ‘nature’ to go beyond the marginal, passive and anthropocentric interpre-tation it has had until now in climate change depate.
Climate Crisis and Tourism in the Maira and Vermenagna Valleys (Piedmont Alps). – This study examines the transformations driven by climate change in the alpine context, focussing on the Maira and Vermenagna Valleys in the Piedmont Alps, two areas marked by environmental vulnerability and significant exposure to ongoing climatic and socio-economic pressures. The research explores how rising temperatures and decreasing snowfall are significantly reshaping the local tourism supply, requiring a reorganisation of the sector.
Combining in-depth interviews with local stakeholders and quantitative analysis of tourism and climate data, the study reveals a growing awareness of the phenomenon and its socioeconomic impacts. The climate crisis has exposed the unsustainability of traditional ski-based tourism, prompting a shift toward more resilient models such as experiential, outdoor, and cul-tural tourism.
While the Maira Valley shows greater adaptability thanks to an already di-versified offer, the Vermenagna Valley, historically reliant on alpine skiing, struggles to transition. The findings highlight the urgent need for locally coordinated strategies that integrate sustainability, cultural identity, and innovation.
Living in Valbrevenna Today: Urban-Mountain Dynamics within the Greater Genoa. – The concept of “metropolitan mountain”, which has recently gained significant traction in academic discussions, encourages the reflection on the relationship between center and periphery, aiming to transcend traditional oppositions between metropolitan and mountain areas. Moving away from the city, the territorial processes reveal increasingly distinct dynamics that may offer valuable insights into the potential of these mountainous regions within the metropolitan context. In this article, the municipality of Valbrevenna (in the Metropolitan City of Genoa) is studied to explore the territorial re-configurations of cotemporary lives, moving beyond dichotomous perspectives to embrace a nuanced view of the social, economic, and demographic complexities that define this territory. Based on the results of extensive qual-itative field research, this study offers contextualized reflections aimed at stimulating further discussion on the specific configurations of a “metropolitan mountain” within the Genoa area also for what concerns the challenges offered by the climate changes.
Soil consumption, climate change, and large commercial structures. The Italian case study. – In Italy, between 2006 and 2022, over 1,200 km2 of land was consumed, most of which was derived from urban expansion processes. There are many relationships between soil consumption and climate change, both in causes and consequences. In this work, I focus on the soil consumption of large commercial structures, such as shopping centers, factory outlets, and retail parks. In Italy, there are over 1,300 of these structures, and – apart from the few cases that have occupied areas derived from the reconversion of abandoned industrial sites or other urbanized areas – they have mostly developed in rural areas or by occupying residual urban and suburban green areas. In this work, I first reviewed the interna-tional literature on soil consumption deriving from GSCs, discovering that it is extremely rare and does not deal with this type of urbanization independently but only in a generic way as one of the many aspects of urban sprawl. Instead, they become protagonists of scientific literature when they are abandoned. There is no specific legislation in the European Union or Italy on soil consumption in commercial areas. In Italy, the legislature in this matter is delegated to the regions. Still, despite the existence of restrictive regional laws on land consumption, there is no effective response to the problem at the moment.
Nature-based solutions and the Erasmus+ program: a combination that can generate socio-environmental value in inner areas. – In areas subject to depopulation, although this trend risks hindering climate adaptation efforts, it also opens up opportunities for renaturalization and ecosystem improvement projects. This article explores the role of nature-based solutions (NbS) in in-land areas, highlighting their potential to promote environmental aware-ness and community involvement. Through a case study on Bergolo (CN), we aim to provide an initial analysis highlighting how the community garden located here can create and renew the social fabric, specifically thanks to the role of the Erasmus+ program. Through a series of semi-structured interviews, this work aims to be a starting point for highlighting how such initiatives increase local awareness of socio-environmental issues and strengthen community ties at both the local and European levels.
Questo numero di documenti geografici si focalizza sul tema degli eventi nel loro rapporto con il territorio. In fisica, un evento è un “punto nello spazio tempo” e questa definizione ci sembra ben si applichi anche al modo in cui in geografia e in altre scienze sociali è andato consolidandosi l’ambito degli “Event Studies” con sotto-ambiti di specializzazione per caratteristiche delle manifestazioni (mega-eventi o eventi nazionali e medio-piccoli; ambito tematico: sport, cultura, politica…), nonché tempi (prima, durante e dopo) e prospettive con cui guardarli (considerando le diverse valenze e impatti culturali, economiche, politiche, ambientali e territoriali per le località ospitanti).
Proximity tourism. The perception of locations as rediscovery and development of local destinations. – The Covid-19 pandemic fundamentally reshaped the concept of mobility across the globe. People had to rethink their own lives and above all their usual mobility spaces. After restrictions, people could move to nearby rediscovering a proximity tourism which is characterized by an increased emphasis on local and regional experiences. It reflects a desire for safer, more sustainable, and easily accessible travel options, as tourists prioritize health concerns, lower carbon footprints, and less crowded environments. In this article we are going to understand how some locations have been changed due to pandemic and which geographical transformation have experienced.
L’incessante avanzamento tecnologico comporta uno straordinario impatto sui territori e sui loro corpi idrici, presentando sfide e opportunità per la comunità scientifica in generale e per quella geografica in particolare. L’innovazione tecnologica riveste infatti un ruolo sempre più pervasivo nella configurazione e nelle dinamiche di sviluppo del territorio e rende necessario identificare metodologie di analisi e strumenti tecnologici innovativi per analizzare, verificare e condividere conoscenza e pratiche virtuose.
The Rome of “great events”: mapping and diachronic analysis at the city-territory scale. The impact of a century and a half of extraordinary interventions. – This survey offers an accurate analysis of the major events held in Rome since the beginning of the 20th century. The time under review starts with the 1900 Jubilee, when the organization of hosting activities was for the first time under the responsibility of Italian authorities with specific economic support for reception facilities, and with the 1908 Olympics, where the planned venue for sporting events anticipates some of the choices made for Rome 1960 Olympics. The latter were strongly advocated by Pope Pius X, but in the end canceled by decision of Giolitti with similar motivations to the “no” expressed by Monti for the Rome 2020 event. The time spans up to the next Jubilee to be held in 2025 with the PNRR- financed projects.
Through a GIS mapping of planned and/or implemented interventions, and a comparative analysis with official ante quem and post quem cartography, the pilot survey aims at highlighting how much and how the “extraordinary” influences the “ordinary”, that is, how much targeted interventions in the city specifically needed for a major event impacts and directs its transformation, pointing out how the “extraordinary” is binding for the “ordinary” in individual case studies.
Cultural innovation, museum network, territorial system: the role of management software
Territorial education through the rivers. The “Flowing with the rivers” public engagement project. – The contribution reflects on how the value of water resources in the ecological transition can be shared and strengthened through geo-graphical education. In particular, the Public Engagement project “Flow-ing with the rivers”, financed with 48,500 euros by the University of Turin, whose objective was the development of an educational model to sustainably reconstruct the relationships between human communities and territory around water as a resource and fundamental element in all relationships between natural and human systems. The project activities developed between 2021 and 2023, concentrating the action on the territory between Turin and Savigliano, in particular between the Po, Tanaro and Maira rivers, and involved universities, associations, schools with teachers, students and parents, citizens, media and local administrations. The involvement of local communities was considered a basis of geographical education, starting from the idea that through awareness of the ecological, cultural and economic value of rivers it is possible to arrive at a plan for life, care and sustainable development that produces a social and cultural change in the valorization and management of water resources. The interdisciplinary working group, scientifically directed by Cristiano Giorda, involved fifteen researchers from six different departments and scientific areas. The main methodology followed was that of territorial education through outdoor education and place and art based learning activities, ca-pable of territorialising the scientific and artistic dimensions with skills linked to territorial values, landscape, sustainable development -bile and active citizenship.
Olimpiadi invernali e pianificazione spaziale: tra territorio locale e spazio regionale. – Nel corso della storia olimpica, l’edizione invernale ha subito trasformazioni significative nelle dimensioni spaziali, introducendo una nuova prospettiva critica sulla dimensione urbana. L’articolo analizza i diversi modelli spaziali delle Olimpiadi invernali attraverso indicatori statistici volti a un confronto quantitativo. Attraverso lo studio dei diversi modelli spaziali, verranno fornite nuove ipotesi sul rapporto tra le sedi olimpiche e il tessuto urbano, offrendo strumenti preziosi per valutare l’evento olimpico nell’area di riferimento. L’articolo esamina come la creazione di nuove strutture determinerà alcuni cambiamenti spaziali in grado di catalizzare nuovi impatti sulle connessioni interne della città e del territorio di riferimento.
TERRITORIO, TERRITORIALIZZAZIONE, TERRITORIALITÀ
Forms of Resistance at the Margin of the City. The Vesuvian Area and the Environmental Issue across territories and representations. – This contribution proposes an exploration of the forms of civil and artistic resistance developed at the margins of the metropolitan city of Naples and, in particular, it focuses on the Vesuvian area and the environmental issue. It develops through cognitive path that considers the dialogue between the Mount Vesuvius and the community of his habitants, as well as the link between artistic production and environmental struggle, which characterize many narratives that come from these places since the Seventies. From Operazione Vesuvio project to the land art installation of Salvatore Emblema, the article highlights a chain of radical environmental sensitivity, which, despite the environmental devastation and social rarefaction of this zone of marginality, propose new ways of coexistence with the environment and the natural landscape.
App GIS-based per le Smart Tourist Destinations nel Governatorato di Muscat, Oman. – Le ICT e il turismo giocano ruoli fondamentali nello sviluppo delle economie globali emergenti, offrendo opportunità e strumenti strategici per promuovere la crescita delle mete. Le Destinazioni Turistiche Smart (STD) utilizzano strumenti e tecnologie disponibili per co-creare valore ed esperienze immersive per i turisti, generando nel contempo profitti e benefici per le organizzazioni e la destinazione nel suo complesso.
Il presente contributo espone nella sua totalità le fasi dello sviluppo di un’applicazione per smartphone progettata per l’esplorazione del territorio dell’Oman, comprendente le sue diverse risorse naturali e culturali, infrastrutture turistiche e strutture ricettive. La metodologia impiegata comprende la raccolta dati da fonti primarie, la georeferenziazione di numerosi punti di riferimento naturali, culturali e ricreativi, e l’utilizzo degli strumenti Arc-GIS e Google Earth per l’elaborazione dei dati. L’applicazione sviluppata si dimostra essere uno strumento intelligente e reattivo, in grado di soddisfare le esigenze del turismo esperienziale. Offre agli utenti la possibilità di personalizzare iti-nerari in linea con i loro gusti, preferenze ed esigenze. Integrando tecnologie all’avanguardia e dati geografici, l’applicazione per l’esplorazione dell’Oman porta le esperienze turistiche a nuove vette, mettendo in evidenza le diverse attrazioni del paese. Questo articolo specifico presenta le considerazioni finali alla luce di una serie di cambiamenti ambientali e territoriali che sono avvenuti durante la fase di validazione.
Dovessimo stabilire chi danneggi maggiormente l’Emilia-Romagna prostrata dal dissesto idrogeologico entreremmo in un dilemma. Il governo nazionale non mostra particolare sollecitudine nei confronti di una regione che la storia ha sinora assegnato all’opposizione e, sbagliando strategia, si aliena ancor più i consensi lasciando imputridire campi sterili per le melme alluvionali, smottare strade indispensabili agli abitanti della montagna, non affrettandosi a ricostruire argini di contenimento delle piene che alle prime piogge si riverseranno in aree già martoriate.
A un anno dall’approvazione formale da parte della Commissione eu-ropea (20 giugno 2021) del Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR) predisposto dall’Italia con il preciso obiettivo, come dichiarato nella premessa dal Presidente del Consiglio Mario Draghi, di far ripartire l’Italia fortemente colpita dalla crisi causata dalla pandemia di Covid-19, e di dar vita a «una più ampia e ambiziosa strategia per l’ammodernamento del Paese», aggiornando «le strategie nazionali in tema di sviluppo e mobi-lità sostenibile; ambiente e clima; idrogeno; automotive; filiera della sa-lute», lo scenario e gli obiettivi previsti stanno subendo dei significativi ripensamenti e aggiustamenti alla luce degli impatti derivanti anche dal conflitto russo-ucraino.
Tourism and territory in NRRP
Potential Impacts of NRRP Investments in Italian Mono-functional or Desertified Realities: Threats and Opportunities. – The contribution aims to reflect on the impact of PNRR plans and programs with particular attention to the sustainability of rural and mountain tourist regions, highlighting territorial criticalities and suggesting greater emphasis on the concept of adaptation and the possible role for activities related to education for the territory. The PNRR provides for a € 6.68 billion loan in the “tourism and culture” sector, which will make it possible to develop innovative actions to implement local development through the new ecological transition criterion. Much emphasis is placed on the digital transition and physical measures of renewal. Many realities of those compatible with these funds fall within rural and mountain areas, often characterized by negative situations up to conditions of real demographic and economic desertification. The poor economic and social sustainability of many peripheral and mono-functional territories, investigated by recent studies in the field, seems to link the transformation of these areas to actions of economic adaptation and diversification linked to climate change, with respect to which climate maps suggest an increase of the impacts in the coming decades. An investment in these areas, perhaps aimed at restoring or physical-functional de-velopment actions, runs the risk of producing little benefits if it is not accompanied by new forms of social, economic and even demographic attractiveness. The systemic vision can make it possible to operate in a more suitable way to the specific local territorial system, while the development of educational paths to the territory open to stakeholders active in the field can increase the possibility of investment success through the sharing and production of open local knowledge to the reproduction and renewal of territorial values as a project for the future of the subjects who live there and who work there.
Aviation, airports and territory. – Transport geography deals with the movement of freight, people and information, seeking to link the spatial constraints and attributes with the origin, destination, extent, nature and purpose of movements
Within this view, the paper analyses the cross-relationships between territories and transport, identifying how transports influence territories.
In this paper, particular attention is paid to aviation, an element that contributes to shaping interactions in geographical spaces.
Methodologically, the first part highlights the development and charac-teristics of air transport, emphasizing the relationship between transport and economic systems.
Then the analysis focuses on the topic of accessibility and airport struc-tures, outlining the distinctive features that characterize transport, i.e. di- stances and territories, since the purpose of transport is to overcome space, which is limited by human and physical constraints such as dis-tance, time, administrative divisions and territory.

The Circular Economy Model in the City and the Territory

 

Landscape and Territory

“Public geographies. The reasons of the territory in ten social itineraries” by Angelo Turco

The valorization of the natural and cultural heritage of the territory of Grassano and Grottole in Basilicata for sustainable tourism: geomorphological and GIS analysis for planning sustainable tourism itineraries. – The recognition of Matera as European Capital of Culture 2019 will certainly serve in the near future to channel more effectively part of the tourist flow towards the inner areas. Therefore, a study of a significant portion of the inner area of Matera was undertaken, aimed at collecting elements of the physical landscape that would act as a landscape “frame” for the formulation of hypotheses of routes with “multiple” values. In fact, the study area includes the villages of Grassano and Grottole, which have elements of cultural interest that are useful for valorising the itinerary to be proposed. The knowledge of the geographical elements of the study area, the accurate analysis of the forms of the physical landscape and the geomorphological processes that have generated them, the inventory of the main cultural attractions of the two villages located in the study area, as well as the use of a geographical information system, have made it possible to design the route proposed in this article.

For a model of governance of Cultural Routes: Territorial Business Systems. The case study of the Via Francigena between Monti Prenestini ed Ernici. – Cultural routes and way are gradually assuming a leading role in territorial planning policies because on the one hand they are capable of responding to the criteria of environmental, social and economic sustainability and, on the other, of favoring an expansion of the tourist offer with a strong connotation identity. The study aims to support the hypothesis that a geographical approach by aggregates can represent the indispensable premise for the development of a governance model which, through the itinerary and the way, guarantees the implementation of actions aimed at enhancing and managing extended coherent territorial areas.

The (human) face of the Earth

Financial Systems between conflictuality and territorial coexistence. Islamic Finance and the United Kingdom case. – Recent years are characterized by the increasing spread of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) in the Western countries. This could be explained, on the one hand, because the Islamic communities are even more numerous, becoming an important interlocutor and an opportunity for the western economies. On the other hand, Islamic finance Islamic finance has several ethical characteristics that could identify them as a more stable financial model.
The present contribution aims to address the particular issue of Islamic finance, looking at the global diffusion of the phenomenon, in order to understand its differences and conflicts with the traditional financial model.
To this end, it will be treated the case study of the United Kindom where the phenomenon seems to have had more success than in other countries.

 

“The Land of my Dreams”: Ideas of Sustainable Tourism between Research and Participation in the Territory of the Gran Sasso-Laga National Park – The Project “The land of my dreams” is part of the activities of the Cartolab laboratory’s research activities (Department of Human Sciences, University of L’Aquila) and of the initiatives planned by the National Park for the elaboration of the Economic and Social multi-year Plan. In the framework of a participatory research-action, the aim of the Project is to study the social and territorial potential of the National Park, in terms of social capital, expectations, hopes and “dreams” of its inhabitants. In the current post-disaster situation in which a large part of the Park’s territory is involved, through the research and participation actions planned by the Project, it is possible to give shape to the hope of rebuilding one’s own life, one’s own community, one’s own land starting from those traces of future that obstinately and stubbornly persist. To this purpose, one of the topics on which the second phase of the Project, concerning the formulation of choices and decisions, focuses its attention is tourism as it represents one of the most recurring themes in the narratives about the future of the 428 people interviewed.

Il proposito di regolare il corso del fiume Adige nella contea austriaca del Tirolo risale alla seconda metà del XVIII secolo. Diversi progetti si susseguirono nel corso del tempo e i lavori furono finalmente conclusi entro la fine del XIX secolo.
Nello stesso periodo molti altri fiumi europei - come il Reno in Germania - furono interessati da progetti similari. Le aree paludose non erano soggette a misure catastali, eludendo la tassazione. La loro presenza, poi, ostacolava i movimenti delle truppe e rendeva difficile la costruzione di fortificazioni stabili, perciò pregiudicando l’ordine disciplinato che era necessario per stabilire un moderno stato territoriale. Sin dal Rinascimento lo sviluppo delle tecniche cartografiche assieme al progresso delle inchieste statistiche permise l’attuazione di un nuovo ordine territoriale. Mappe e dati statistici non erano soltanto il mezzo per la realizzazione dei progetti ma divennero lo strumento archetipico di una radicale trasformazione del territorio. Strade e canali rettilinei, terre bonificate divennero la manifestazione materiale delle linee disegnate sulle carte. Non fu un caso che la rettificazione dell’Adige si legò alla costruzione della Brennerbahn, il collegamento ferroviario fra Verona e Innsbruck.
Lo stesso processo riguardò i confini proprietari, amministrativi e politici: lo stato territoriale moderno, infatti, concepì allo stesso modo le grandi opere di bonifica, l’appropriazione del suolo e la determinazione dei confini. Questo articolo esamina i diversi progetti di sistemazione dell’Adige con la relativa cartografia che, nel corso di un secolo, trasfor-marono radicalmente la geografia della Val d’Adige.

Religious Fundamentalisms, Space and Territory: an Emblematic Case. – The article, starting from a brief review of religious fundamentalisms, focuses on the Salafist form and, in particular, on the peculiar significance given to territory by the so called "Islamic State" of Iraq and Syria. Major emphasis is given to the difference between the concept of "State", as a specific territory clearly defined by boundaries, and the Islamic concepts of umma and dawla (the Arabic word approximately translating "State"), which refer to non-territorial entities in continuous expansion and change. It is indeed the existence of boundaries, and specifically those established by the Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916, which appear as one of the main "enemies" of Al-Baghdadi's New Caliphate. The article also review the problem of the so called "foreign fighters" who, coming from a diasporic and, therefore, non-territorial dimension, seem particularly appropriate to the objectives of a political entity whose main characteristics are territorial indefiniteness and opposition to boundaries.

Abstract. – I droni si stanno diffondendo rapidamente sul mercato gene-ralista. Gli hardware e i software attualmente disponibili divengono sem-pre più economici e questo accresce le potenzialità applicative di questi strumenti. Parallelamente al numero degli operatori commerciali, cresce anche quello dei gruppi di lavoro scientifici interessati all’uso di questi mezzi per lo studio delle condizioni materiali e dello status complessivo del paesaggio, del territorio e dei suoi beni storici e culturali. La tecnolo-gia si adegua rapidamente a diverse necessità operative; nel frattempo, in vari paesi europei iniziano a svilupparsi normative sull’impiego di questa nuova peculiare tipologia di aeromobile. Se è vero che sistemi e sensori di alta sofisticazione si rendono necessari in alcuni casi, l’esperienza tut-tavia insegna che, in altre circostanze, anche prodotti meno avanzati for-niscono una grande quantità di dati e contribuiscono all’acquisizione di conoscenza significativa sui fenomeni osservati. La possibilità, per un maggior numero di gruppi di lavoro, di avere accesso a queste tecnologie innovative grazie ad un’opportuna convergenza di approcci “open” e “low-tech” permetterà nei prossimi anni un più completo ed utile studio dei beni materiali del nostro “cultural heritage”. Tale concetto generale è stato sottoposto a verifica, fra il 2010 e il 2015 dal Geographic Research and Application Laboratory (GREAL) dell’Università Europea di Roma, in collaborazione con altri partner di rilievo fra cui l’Istituto per le Tec-nologie Applicate ai Beni Culturali (ITABC-CNR) e l’LT-TEKNEHUB dell’Università di Ferrara. Questo lavoro presenta alcune delle più signifi-cative applicazioni sottoposte a verifica e riassume le conclusioni tratte da tali esperienze.

La questione del confine nazionale italiano, dall'unificazione al primo dopoguerra, si intreccia, dentro e fuori l'accademia, con il progresso delle scienze geografiche e della rappresentazione cartografica.

L'articolo muove dalle definizioni di territorio, regione e confine, elaborate da Giovanni (1846-1900) e Olinto (1876-1926) Marinelli al giro del secolo XX e discute il contributo delle loro idee al disegno del confine nord-orientale dell'Italia. La disputa interessava le aree mistilingue o storicamente legate all'influenza culturale italiana che erano rimaste al di fuori dei confini nazionali dopo il 1866. In primo luogo Trento, l'Istria e Trieste, ma oggetto del contendere erano anche i territori di Bolzano e Merano, a nord della chiusa di Salorno, e la Dalmazia, da Fiume a Spalato.

Punto centrale è l'analisi del concetto di linea di spartiacque, che esula dalla mera lettura geo-morfologica, per indagarne gli aspetti sociali e culturali che si legano ad un discorso scientifico europeo e transnazionale. Lo sforzo della geografia di superare l'idea di confine areale, delineato da Friedrich Ratzel, per giungere a demarcare linee precise e cartografabili, si relaziona al processo politico e militare, attuato dallo Stato, per stabilire confini sicuri e comprendenti aree il più possibile omogenee dal punto di vista culturale. In questo contesto la cartografia svolge un duplice ruolo: da un lato, archetipo che condiziona e uniforma le scienze geografiche, dall'altro, strumento mediatico e di propaganda per la diffusione di concetti spaziali e politici. Oltre all'esame delle opere geografiche, questo articolo svolge uno studio critico della produzione cartografica coeva, attuando anche un paragone con le coeve teorie prodotte dalla geografia nel mondo tedesco.

Il paradigma geografico e i processi territoriali che ne conseguono contribuiscono così alla definizione e all'affermazione di un'identità nazionale.

New rurality and geographic food. A "filosofale" formula  for Abruzzo. – Geographic food is an expression that indicates the deep relationships between territory and eating costums. More precisely, in regard to the current post-modernity, it defines the need of recovering the cultural identities in the sphere of the concepts of place and collective tradition. Such need, which derives in a reactive way from the tendencies of uniformity produced by the mass consumption, can be considered always more as the way of escape deriving from the bottom that works against the processes of globalization and industrialization of the cultural products. Including those related to the field of food and eating customs.
In Abruzzo, the places of contemporary rural context do not seem to escape from such phenomenon. It is clearly proved by the rediscovery of old culinary habits in relation to the farming and pastoral past, the recovery of the agricultural biodiversity, the commercial achievement of local and traditional products, which is noticeably manifested through the country festivals, the proliferation of the country style wine and food places and the increasing diffusion of the farm holiday procedures. 

In the course of the time, the concept of «uncertainty» has been investigated from different points of view. The aim of this article is to provide an interpretational key of present territorial process – first of all starting off by the example of Rome town in the real estate market, to make a comparison with other Italian cities – basing on the idea of «geography of uncertainty». Such a conceptual formulation will be associated with uneven developments and oscillatory movements of modern occidental economy.
Carmen Bizzarri Dinamiche spaziali e cambiamenti socio-economici del turismo urbano in Italia   Abstract Nel turismo una delle innovazioni, che in questi ultimi decenni ha assunto grande rilievo,  è la pratica del “turismo urbano”. Questo contributo intende individuare le caratteristiche e gli effetti di questa innovazione, che ha avviato profonde trasformazioni nelle città. Il nuovo“turismo urbano è quella forma di turismo che cerca di dare al turista quella good experience derivante,  oltre che dalla visita dei monumenti, di musei o dei beni culturali, anche dal godimento della città nella sua interezza, dalle attività ludiche e di intrattenimento a quelle più strettamente legate alla identità culturale di quel tessuto urbano. L'innovazione è data dalla presenza di una serie di attività e di servizi, che sono sempre più diversificate e livellate a seconda delle peculiarità e delle esigenze del turista. Queste nuove attrazioni mettono in gioco, peraltro, nuove realtà localizzative  in quanto si insediano nelle periferie delle città, diffondendo il turismo anche tra i cittadini ivi residenti. Il centro delle città diventa così più vivibile: tuttavia nelle periferie le attività turistiche possono comportare anche svantaggi notevoli, soprattutto ai residenti. L'analisi geografica ed economica, che qui viene adottata, vuole evidenziare come questa nuova pratica di turismo urbano può comportare notevoli mutamenti  territoriali spesso inosservati ai responsabili dell'assetto del territorio.