Politics, Education, and Geography in the Early Modern Period: Notes for a Histor-ical Analysis. – This article explores the connection between political au-thority, education, and geography in the early modern period, analyzing how the teaching of geography became a fundamental tool for managing and controlling emerging territories. In a context of fragmented educa-tional systems, the article highlights how geography was used to address the new political, economic, and social needs of European powers. Schools, both secular and religious, particularly those run by orders like the Jesuits, played a key role in transmitting this knowledge, contributing to the creation of new skills essential for colonial expansion. Finally, the article underscores how geography, understood as both a scientific disci-pline and a political tool, became a point of convergence between educa-tion and power, legitimizing the imperial ambitions of European.

The Space of absence: geography and mass distance teaching. – The sudden change to a mass distance teaching because of Covid-19 pandemy highlights different kinds of absence in relation to several levels of territorial inequalities. The paper proposes a retrospective view in order to represent relationships between lack of literacy's skills, technological infrastructure inequal diffusion, socioeconomic diversities and distance teaching performance's limits in Italy.